Beale v. DMV held that California cannot suspend a driver’s license for chemical-test refusal arising from an electric-bicycle ride. Analysis of the ruling, controlling statutes, limits, and defense strategy.
A 2026 litigation guide to discovery under California Penal Code § 745(d), including the good-cause standard, county-specific statistical evidence, Young, McDaniel, Lalo, and the postconviction changes from AB 1071.
A litigation-focused guide to separating drug identity, product purity, dose, timing, effect, intent, and the laboratory records needed to evaluate each.
Read Article: MDMA and Ecstasy Evidence in Court: Identity, Purity, Dose, and Laboratory Records
California framework for admitting and challenging forensic toxicology expert testimony under Evidence Code §§ 720, 801 and 802, including Sargon reliability review and Kelly issues for novel scientific techniques.
Read Article: California Forensic Toxicology Expert Testimony: Evidence Code, Sargon & Kelly